MU 3002 - Arranging and Orchestration
- The art of orchestration is sophisticated, intricate, and highly individual
- Depends greatly on taste and the prejudice of the composer
- Practice by reducing a full score to its bare essentials (piano score) or blowing up a piano part to a full orchestral score
- Ravel, Debussy, and Stravinsky composed their scores on the piano and orchestrated them
- Modern symphony orchestra
- Strings (first violins, second violins, violas, cellos, double basses)
- Woodwinds (flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons)
- Brass (horns, trumpets, timpani)
- Percussion
- Bowed string instruments
- First to be developed and utilized
- Reached technical perfection in construction by 1700
- Has the greatest number of common properties
- Its enormous range (7 octaves!!)
- Homogeneous and rich tone color throughout its entire range
- Wide dynamic range (pianissimo ~ fortissimo)
- First to be developed and utilized
- Tunings
- Violin (G-D-A-E), viola (C-G-D-A), and cello (C-G-D-A) are tuned in 5ths
- Double bass ((C)-E-A-D-G) is tuned in 4ths
- Double bass is the only transposing instrument of the violin family
- Sounds one octave lower than written
- Violin
- Treble clef
- Practical orchestral range: G3 to E7
- Listening exercises
- Use of the four instruments
- Interplay between first and second violins and cellos (melody being passed around)
- Consonant
- Many crescendos and alternating soft shape the ebb and flows of the music
- Chromatic ascending violins line
- Use of string instruments influence the character and emotion of the music
- Nhấn mạnh nhẹ, fast alternating notes, soft, thrilling exciting at the start, softer, long lines, surprise in the development phase,
- Another group of four instruments
- Use of the four instruments